Improvement in drilling and quarrying stone



'NPETER5. PHOTO LITHOG HER, WASHINGTON. D C.

UNITED S'rrrrns PATErIlW- EBENEZER G. LAMSON, OF SHELBURNE FALLS,MASSACHUSETTS. l

IMPROVEMENT iN DRILLING` AND QUARRYING STONE, are.

Specifica-tion forming part of Letters Patent No. 58,435, dated October2, 1866.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EBENEZER G. LAMsoN, of Shelburne Falls, in thecounty ot Franklin and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain newand useful Improvements in Maohines for Cutting, Channeling,Tunl'ieling, or Quarrying Rock; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being hadto the accompanying drawings, making a part of this specification, inwhich- Figure l represents an elevation of one of the sides of themachine, the opposite side being substantially similar to that shown inthis ligure. Fig. 2 represents an elevation of one ofthe ends of themachine. Fig.'3 represents a section through the feeding mechanism. Fig.4 represents the manner of clamping the ways or track upon which themachine moves to the stone or rock to be wrought upon. Fi e. 5represents a section through one of the friction-clutches that connectwith the feed mechanism.

Similariletters of reference, where they occur in the several Iigures,denote like parts of the machine in all the drawings.

When drills or cutting-tools are thrown against stone or rock by thereaction of a compressed spring solely, it is very destructive upon thecutting-edges, and, besides, springs thus used become weakened, and asthe chisels v or drills reduce or cut away the stone,they have aconstant varying mot-ion in speed and force, and no certain regularityof action. When a positive motion is given to drills, chisels, or suchother cutting or abradin g instruments by cams, cranks, or crank-wheels,the distance between the throw of the cams or cranks and the surface ofthe rock or stone Wrought upon varies with the surface removed 5 andthis, too, makes irregular working, unless a very nice feed-motion iscombined with it. But the positive motion is more certain and regular,and less destructive upon the cuttingedges than the spring motion, whilethe latter is more simple.

Each plan, therefore, has its advantages and disadvantages; and myobject has been to avail myself of the advantages of both plans, and atthe same time obviate'thcir disadvantages; and to this end I combine thepositive motion .with a peculiar spring motion, and thus obtain theobject, as will be explained. l

Myinvention consists in operating the drills,

chisels, or cutters of a stone-cutting, channeling, quarrying, ortunneling machine by a combined positive and spring motion, whereby Iavoid a complicated feed-motion to said tools, preserve theircutting-.edges for a longer period of time, and produce more uniform andregular cutting with less power or labor.

My invention further consists in the clutch and feed motions, by whichthe machine is moved along on its track or ways and traversed back andforth, as will be explained.

In suitable bearings upon a substantial castiron or other frame, A, isplaced the driveshaft B, having upon one of its ends a crank or beltwheel, G, and upon the other end a lbalance or fly wheel, D. Upon thisdrive-shaft B is placed two driving-pulleys, E F, the belt Gr of thepulley E passing over and around a pulley, H, on a shaft, I, on the topand at one end of the frame A, and the belt J of the pulley F passingover and around a pulley, K, on a shaft, L, on top of and at theopposite end of the frame, and through these belts G and J the shafts Iand L receive their motion. Upon each of the ends of the shafts I L areplaced crank-wheels M M M M, to wrist-pins a in which are connected,severally, the pitmen N, the lower ends of which are attached to thecrowns of the strapped bow-springsO, and to the strap or cord b of saidbow-springs is secured the block I?, that carries the series of drillsor cutters c c c, there being 011e series or set of such drills at eachof the corners of the machine.

The drills or cutting tools, it will thus be seen, are raised by meansof the strap, while the bow-spring, which it surrounds or is connectedto, takes off the suddenness of the risy ing motion; and when thecutters or chisels, which are raised and lowered by the crankwheels andpitmen, (or by a positive,'as contradistinguished from a spring motion,)rebound or react, they do so against said strap, and if with any verygreat degree of force, then the strap is eased by the spring of the bow,ot' which it is a part. By the use of this strap and spring-bowconnection the throw of the crank-wrist, without being changed, willallow the cutters to cut a channel or reduce a surface to the extentofone or two inches, and still maintain a uniformity of blow or force. Thebow-springs c are of steel, while the strap d may be of stout leather. l

When the chisels or cutters are worked in gangs, as shown in Fie'. 1,their edges may stand at different angles, and thus cut a cleanerchannel and without forming ridges or lands. And to keep the tools whichmay have round or square shanks in proper working position, they may beclamped at their tops, as at Q, and to the blocks or guide-heads P,which move upon suitable ways on the frame.

To the lower or under part ot' the frame, and at or near the centerthereof longitudinally, is placed a shaft, R, which has two worm-gears,S S, upon it; and upon this shaft, also, there is loosely placed an arm,T, which arm has upon it a double-pivoted pawl, U, that works in aratchet-wheel, fastened on said shaft It, said pawl being capable ofworking on either side of the shaft, and held in its adjusted, and, forthe time being, workin g position, by a sprin g bolt, g.

`The arm T is vibrated on the shaft It by a rod, V, connected to it, theupper end of which rod is attached, by a yoke, h, to a cam, IV, on theshaft I. This rod V can be adjusted on the arm T, as shown by dottedlines in Fig. 2,

, so as to vary the motion ofthe arm, and, consequently, of the pawlthat moves (through certain parts, to be presently described,) themachine along upon its track or ways.

Underneath the machine are two supportingaxles, XX, which have upontheir journals, at each end, flanged wheels Y Y, that rest and move uponrails'or a track, Z; and upon these axles X X are placed the gears@ t',into which the worms S upon the shaft R work, and by which these axlesand their wheels are turned, and the whole machine moved steadily alongon its track, and in the direction for which the pawl U may be sct.

A second shaft, j, is placed at the under side of the machine, andparallel with the one, R, and has upon it projections o, which take intogrooves 7c made in a sleeve or semi-clutch, Z, that moves on each one ofthe shafts or axles X, by means of a lever, m, on one end of said shaft.

The gears it' are fast on the axles X, and their hubs are dished orhollowed out, as seen in Fig. 5, and the end of the semi-clutch Z turnedoff to tit said dished or hollowed-out portion. When the semi-clutch ismoved away from the gears t' t', the gears, axles, wheels, and entiremachine will move along regularly on the ways or track, but if vthesemi-clutch l be jammed into the recesses in the gears, by turning theshaft j, the machine will remain stationary. Thus the machine may befedalong in either direction or stopped, while the cutters or chiselscontinue at work.

By means of clamps a and screws p the track z is held down firmly to therock or stone' q that is' to be dressed; and if found necessary, themachine may be still further held to the work by rods r r, extendingupward from the track, and holding, by springs s and nuts t, ahorizontal bar, u, that bears upon frictionrolls c on the machine, andthus holds it tothe work, without undue friction to impede its motionback and forth on the track. Fullsized machines will have weight enoughto hold themselves steadily against the working of the cutters. Lightermachines may no have.

The machine herein represented is constructed to be driven by power at adistance from it, or by hand.

The circular openings w in the ends of the frame are to show how asteam-boiler, with an/ engine attached, may be supported and carriedalong with the machine, so as to be very compact and very efficient. Orit may be driven by steam brought from a distance.

I contemplate the use of this machine for channelin gthe pavementsofcity streets, where, from use, they have become so smooth as toprevent horses from drawing heavy loads without liability of falling andgreat injury to themselves. In such cases, to prevent the danger of resorof great noise, which might frighten horses, I propose to work themachine by compressed air, which can be brought iu hose or pipes fromthe place where it is compressed to the machine.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim therein as new,and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. Connecting the chisels, drills, or other cutting instruments forworking in or on stone to t-he crank-wheel, or its equivalent raisingand lowering mechanism, through the intervention of a bow-spring andstrap, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In combination with a stone cutting, chauneling, tunneling, orquarrying machine that is moved along upon a track or ways whileoperating upon the rock or stone, a reversible pawl, the worm-gear, andclutch, so that it may be moved along in either direct-ion upon thetrack, or stopped thereon at will, while the cutters or tools continueto operate, substantially as described.

E. e. LAMsoN.

Witnesses A. B. SroUGu'roN, EDM. F. BRowN.

